One legal theory most frequently associated with martial law is the common law doctrine of necessity.
While many countries, the United States for example, do not have the explicit constitutional right to declare martial law, scholars often interpret the law of the United States to allow for the implementation of martial law in times of necessity.
Countries such as Pakistan have famously implemented this rationale as well.
Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public, as seen in multiple countries listed below.
Martial law has also been imposed during conflicts, and in cases of occupations, where the absence of any other civil government provides for an unstable population.
Typically, the imposition of martial law accompanies curfews; the suspension of civil law, civil rights, and habeas corpus; and the application or extension of military law or military justice to civilians. Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunal (court-martial).
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